How it works
Electrostatic discharge is a rapid transfer of accumulated electrical charge. Sensitive components can be damaged without an obvious spark or immediately visible failure. Protecting hardware requires a suitable workspace and correct handling, not simply avoiding touching one particular component.
A practical example
A memory module passed across an unsuitable surface may still appear normal after damage. An intermittent fault later is difficult to attribute by appearance. Follow the device’s service procedure when removing, transporting and installing parts.
What to check
Disconnect equipment as specified in its service guide and use suitable antistatic protection. Handle boards by edges, keep contacts untouched and store components in appropriate protective packaging. Check that protection equipment is correctly used rather than assuming any wristband is effective.
Limits and safe next steps
Do not use improvised grounding connections to mains contacts. Electrical safety and ESD prevention are different concerns, and some assemblies remain hazardous after unplugging. If the procedure requires work beyond your competence, have a qualified person handle it.