Identify one slow task
Note whether delay occurs at startup, in a browser, during a call or while opening files. Repeat the task under similar conditions. This is more useful than buying an upgrade based only on age.
Review workload and storage
Check available storage and processor, memory and disk activity. Updates, background sync and demanding applications can cause temporary load. Unfamiliar processes should be investigated before removal.
Keep data and software supported
Verify backups before cleanup or storage work. Use official update and security guidance. Avoid registry cleaners and promises that deleting files fixes every performance problem.
Choose changes based on evidence
Confirm which resource limits the task and whether the model supports an upgrade. Compare measured behaviour afterwards. RAM, an SSD or a reinstall may help a particular cause; none is a universal cure.
Questions about this guide
What should I record before a slow-laptop assessment?
Choose a repeatable task and note how long it takes, when the slowdown began and whether the laptop is plugged in. Include recent updates or software changes.
Should I buy more memory straight away?
Check the cause and the exact model's upgrade options first. Memory, storage, background work and other faults can produce similar symptoms, so a purchase should follow the findings.